Ukuqalisa Kwezolwazi Zosulufa
2024.10.31
Kwi-organic chemistry, iklasi yezinto ezifanayo ezifuna amakhemikhali ezilula ezilula ezilula (-SH) izithiwe thiol. Ngokwezinto yezithutha, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kubonakala njengoba kwenziwe okisiweni kwi-ordinary alcohols emva kokuthi kwenziwe ngosawoti. Ngaphandle kwe-methyl thiol, okuyisigesi ekhulwini lokuphela, konke okunye okuthiol kuyisigesi noma isolidi. I-thiol ethula kakhulu inamabala amabi futhi iyinja. I-thiol-30L yezinye iziphethu zethiol zezithutha, inamabala amabi kunokuthi i-pemp thiol. Kuyadingeka ekwenzeni ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi kwenzeke
Ukuphikisana kwe-Oxygen kuyinto okwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yezinkulungwane ezivela kwi-Oxygen kanye nezinkulungwane zokupheka kwi-sistemu ukuze zizwe izinkulungwane zokupheka kwi-Oxygen, ukuphila okuncane kwezinkulungwane zokupheka kwi-Oxygen kuyenzela ukuthi i-responsi yokukhula kwesithelo ishibe, i-hydrogen esinamandla kwi-thiol ingasebenza ngezinkulungwane zokupheka kwi-Oxygen, i-thiol emva kokuthatha i-hydrogen ukuze izwe izinkulungwane zokupheka ezintsha, isetshenziselwe ekwenzeni i-reaction ye-bonus. I-thiol ingasebenzisa i-reaction ye-substitution ye-halogenated alkane ne-sodium hydride, futhi ingasebenziseka njengemithi, isivikeli sokupheka kanye ne-inhibitor ye-rubber vulcanization.
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